Which of the following is a substitution cipher used by ancient Hebrew scholars?

The Atbash cipher is a specific type of substitution cipher that was used by ancient Hebrew scholars. In this cipher, each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is replaced with its counterpart from the opposite end of the alphabet. For example, the first letter is substituted with the last letter, the second letter with the second to last letter, and so forth. This simple yet effective method creates a straightforward encryption while being historically significant in the context of Hebrew texts.

This makes the Atbash cipher unique and relevant to ancient Hebrew practices. It was not widely used in other cultures or literary traditions, setting it apart from other types of ciphers such as the Scytale, which involves a physical tool for encoding, the Vigenere cipher that employs a keyword for encryption, or the Caesar cipher which shifts letters in a uniform manner. Each of these alternatives has a different mechanism and historical background, emphasizing the distinctiveness of the Atbash cipher in its cultural context.