Which equation is related to Elliptic Curve cryptography?

The equation y² = x³ + Ax + B is fundamental in the context of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). This equation describes an elliptic curve in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, where A and B are constants that define the shape and characteristics of the curve.

In ECC, the secure exchange of information relies on the mathematical properties of elliptic curves. Points on the curve, along with specific operations defined on them (such as point addition and point doubling), enable the generation of public and private keys for encryption processes. The hardness of the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem, which involves determining the private key given a public key, provides the security foundation for ECC.

The other equations presented do not pertain to elliptic curves. For example, P = Cd%n pertains specifically to modular arithmetic often associated with traditional RSA encryption, while Me%n is also indicative of modular exponentiation found in classical public-key systems. The equation Let m = (p-1)(q-1) is related to the calculation of the totient in RSA encryption, central to key generation in that context. Thus, only the equation involving y² = x³ + Ax + B directly connects with the principles of elliptic curve