What type of encryption uses different keys to encrypt and decrypt the message?

Asymmetric encryption employs different keys for encryption and decryption, which is a fundamental characteristic of this type of cryptographic system. In asymmetric encryption, a pair of keys is used: a public key and a private key. The public key is used to encrypt the data, and only the corresponding private key can decrypt that data. This method enhances security because the private key is kept confidential, while the public key can be shared openly.

In contrast, symmetric encryption uses a single key for both encryption and decryption, meaning the same key must be shared securely between parties. The other options do not accurately describe a method where different keys are utilized for encryption and decryption. Thus, asymmetric encryption is the correct term for the scenario described in the question.