What defines asymmetric encryption?

Asymmetric encryption is defined by its use of a key pair for secure data transmission. This key pair consists of a public key and a private key. The public key is shared openly and is used for encrypting data, while the private key is kept secret and is used for decrypting that data. This two-key system allows for secure communications, as the public key can be distributed widely, enabling anyone to send encrypted messages to the owner of the private key without needing to exchange a shared secret beforehand.

This methodology enhances security as it mitigates the risks associated with key distribution; since only the recipient has access to their private key, even if the public key is intercepted, the communication remains secure. Such a structure is foundational to various security protocols, including SSL/TLS for secure web communications and PGP for secure email.