What characterizes public key encryption?

Public key encryption is characterized by the use of both public and private keys. This dual-key system works on the principle of asymmetric cryptography, where one key (the public key) is used to encrypt data, and the other key (the private key) is used to decrypt it. This means that anyone can encrypt a message using the recipient's public key, but only the recipient, who possesses the corresponding private key, can decrypt that message.

This method enhances security because even if the public key is shared openly, the private key remains confidential and is not shared. This system facilitates secure communications over an insecure medium, such as the internet, allowing for the safe exchange of information without the risk of unauthorized access by third parties. Public key encryption also plays a crucial role in digital signatures, but its functionality goes beyond just that aspect, making it a versatile tool in cybersecurity.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of public key encryption and are therefore less relevant in this context. For example, a system that uses only private keys characterizes symmetric encryption, while the notion that it requires no keys is incorrect, as encryption relies fundamentally on key pairs in public key cryptography. Additionally, suggesting that it is only used for signatures neglects the broader